37 votes, 20 comments. The growing emphasis on the supremacy of the law and the contractual relationship between the ruler and the ruled eventually changed the nature of the Ottoman polity. In general, Sleyman completed the task of transforming the previously Byzantine city of Constantinople into Istanbul, a worthy centre for a great Turkish and Islamic empire. Was Suleiman the Magnificent an absolute monarch? It reached the height of its power between the 1480s and the 1560s, a period known as the Golden Age. Second, the governor of Bitlis had defected and sworn allegiance to the Safavids. Within a few years, however, civil war broke out between the brothers, each supported by his loyal forces. The presence of the Spanish in the Eastern Mediterranean concerned Suleiman, who saw it as an early indication of Charles V's intention to rival Ottoman dominance in the region. Also in this period, Suleiman and Hrrem began creating their first large-scale charitable works, already mindful of their legacies. He was buried next to the mosque he had built to his name, the Suleimaniye, near the tomb of his wife Hrrem. Persia had been the thorn in Selim Is side, and Suleiman the Magnificent was determined to make sure it was not the thorn in his side, too. Starting with the early 1540s, everything around Suleiman reminded him that he was entering old age. He ordered the execution of a son on the suspicion of rebellion. Suleiman also restored the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and the Walls of Jerusalem (which are the current walls of the Old City of Jerusalem), renovated the Kaaba in Mecca, and constructed a complex in Damascus. Of more symbolic importance, the treaty referred to Charles V not as 'Emperor' but as the 'King of Spain', leading Suleiman to identify as the true 'Caesar'. Sleyman codified a centralized legal system (kanun) for the Ottoman state, expanded both the territory and the revenue of the empire, and built up Constantinople (Istanbul) as the empires capital. Ulam (specialists in Islamic law), notably Ab al-Sud (Hoca elebi) and Kemalpaazade, made the period memorable, as did the great Turkish poet Bk and the architect Sinan. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Approximately 14,000 Hungarian soldiers were killed. For almost 600 years the Ottoman Empire controlled much of the Middle East and southeastern Europe. On this basis, Louis XIV of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire were both absolute monarchs.
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