For elites, "it was the golden age of Mexican economics, 3.2 dollars per peso. Despite those developments, the Gonzlez administration met financial and political difficulties, with the later period bringing the government to bankruptcy and popular opposition. Corrections? Companies usually sold that land, often to foreigners who pursued large-scale cultivation of crops for export. In 1878, the U.S. government recognized the Daz regime and former U.S. president and Civil War hero Ulysses S. Grant visited Mexico. "'Five fingers or five bullets,' as he was fond of saying. [34] The close cooperation between these foreign elements and the Daz regime was a key nationalist issue in the Mexican Revolution. Partly due to Daz's lengthy tenure, the current Mexican constitution limits a president to a single six-year term with no possibility of re-election, even if it is nonconsecutive. He won the mestizos support by supplying them with political jobs. Daz's father-in-law Manuel Romero Rubio linked these issues to personal corruption by Gonzlez. The Church also regained its role in running charitable institutions. By 1880, Mexico was forging a new relationship with the U.S. as Daz's term of office was ending. At this point, Daz had already aligned himself with radical liberals (rojos), such as Benito Jurez. [7] These policies grew increasingly unpopular, resulting in civil repression and regional conflicts, as well as strikes and uprisings from labor and the peasantry, groups that did not share in Mexico's growth. Daz's advisers Matas Romero, Jurez's emissary to the U.S., and Manuel Zamacona, a minister in Jurez's government, advised a policy of "peaceful invasion" of U.S. capital to Mexico, with the expectation that it would then be "naturalized" in Mexico. He also maintained tight control over the courts. Having opposed Lerdos reelection, he decided not to run for another term himself but handpicked his successor, Gen. Manuel Gonzlez, who also soon dissatisfied him. Daz declined the offer. In order to satisfy any competing domestic forces, such as mestizos and indigenous leaders, Daz gave them political positions or made them intermediators for foreign interests. Schell, "Politics and Government: 18761910", pp. Along the northern border with the U.S., American investors were prominent, but they owned land along both coasts, across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and central Mexico.
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