[citation needed], According to analysis of earthquake data in 2013, the magma chamber is 80km (50mi) long and 20km (12mi) wide. Mazama. The answers to all of those questions relate to the presence of the hotspot directly beneath Yellowstone. How hotspots are initiated is another highly debated subject. Image credit: Daniel Hauptvogel, CC BY-NC-SA. This enormous volcanic island chain, much of which is underwater, stretches across the Pacific for almost 6,000 km. The Yellowstone hotspot is recognized as a whole-mantle plume with a history that extends to at least 56 Ma, as recorded by offshore volcanism on the Siletzia oceanic plateau. The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens measured 5 on the VEI; because the scale is logarithmic, a level-8 supereruption is about 1,000 times more explosive than that. If enacted, the plan would cost about $3.46 billion. Map showing the path of the Yellowstone hotspot. | U.S - USGS Here is how the new study depicts the Yellowstone system, from bottom to top: Previous research has shown the Yellowstone hotspot plume rises from a depth of at least 440 miles in Earth's mantle. Occasionally, numerous earthquakes are detected in a relatively short period of time, an event known as an earthquake swarm. The youngest of the hotspot calderas, the Yellowstone Caldera, formed 640,000 years ago and is about 34 miles (55km) by 45 miles (72km) wide. GPS coordinates of Yellowstone hotspot, United States. Dalrymple, G. B., Silver, E. A. Make sure to use official park maps to navigate Yellowstone. The resulting calderas include the Island Park Caldera, the Henry's Fork Caldera, and the Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera. [5], Volcanism at Yellowstone is relatively recent, with calderas created by large eruptions that took place 2.1 million, 1.3 million, and 640,000 years ago. The most recent lava flow occurred about 70,000 years ago, while the largest violent eruption excavated the West Thumb of Lake Yellowstone around 150,000 years ago. . Water from rainfall and snowmelt seeps into the ground. Scientists are divided over how magma is generated in hotspots. "[It] enameled an area the size of New Jersey in searing-hot volcanic glass that instantly sterilized the land surface. Very large eruptions occurred in the Yellowstone region three different times: about 2 million years ago, 1.3 million years ago, and then 640,000 years ago. Columbia River Basalt: the Yellowstone hot spot arrives in a flood of fire", "High Lava Plains Project, Geophysical & Geological Investigation, Understanding the Causes of Continental Intraplate Tectonomagmatism: A Case Study in the Pacific Northwest", "Mantle dynamics and genesis of mafic magmatism in the intermontane Pacific Northwest", "Reconstructing the ancestral Yellowstone plume from accreted", "Yellowstone in Yukon: The Late Cretaceous Carmacks Group", 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0997:YIYTLC>2.3.CO;2, "Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Hot Spot Migration", "Shaded relief map of the northwestern United States", "Geodynamics of the Yellowstone hotspot and mantle plume: Seismic and GPS imaging, kinematics and mantle flow", 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0367:ESVOTY>2.0.CO;2, "Crustal deformation of the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain volcanic system: campaign and continuous GPS observations, 19872004", "The Yellowstone magmatic system from the mantle plume to the upper crust", National Park Service interactive map showing trace of the hotspot over time, The Yellowstone magmatic system from the mantle plume to the upper crust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yellowstone_hotspot&oldid=1140250712, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from October 2009, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from November 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0.
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