Changes in marriage associated with the transition to parenthood: Individual differences as a function of sex-role attitudes and changes in the division of household labor. The current findings support the position held by proponents of ecological or family system models that have long argued that the psychological well being of the father as spouse and as parent should not be overlooked (Belsky, 1984; Cowan & Cowan, 2000). On the negative side, they may also experience exhaustion, lack of time for themselves, and more disagreement over issues pertaining to care of the baby and the division of family labor (e.g., Belsky & Pensky, 1988; Cowan & Cowan, 2000; Twenge, Campbell, & Foster, 2003). Our findings illustrate the price first-time parents pay in the form of declining marital satisfaction over time, but also identify protective factors and areas that may benefit from clinical intervention. Physical violence also is closely linked with marital satisfaction. Shaver PR, Hazan C. Adult romantic attachment: Theory and evidence. Overall, our findings on the developmental course of marital satisfaction confirm and substantially extend the previous literature indicating that marital satisfaction declines significantly over time. Accelerating longitudinal research on child psychopathology: A practical example. Lin YC, Raghubir P. Gender differences in unrealistic optimism about marriage and divorce: Are men more optimistic and women more realistic? Although ideally one would follow a single sample over the entire period, this possibility is often unrealistic when the question of interest requires data that span many years. The results of this analysis reaffirmed our findings and indicated that only husbands initial marital satisfaction was a significant predictor of divorce (Coefficient = 0.04, SE = 0.02, 2 = 4.23 *), even after including husband and wives attachment security. Although this study examined attachment orientations and marital satisfaction around the transition to parenthood, it covered a period of only 7 months, which may not be enough to reveal the influence that attachment security exerts on marital satisfaction over time. Simpson JA, Rholes WS. A marriage partner who provides good social support for his or her spouse contributes to the spouses marital satisfaction. Attachment style in married couples: Relation to current marital functioning, stability over time, and method of assessment.
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