Future research should address conceptual and measurement issues. Team training can improve performance, but it is sustained over time through efforts to ensure continued KSA proficiency and tying expectations to organizational policy. Further, health care tasks are often emergent, and the sequence of behavioral interdependencies cannot be predicted, complicating the logistics of observational measurement. Reducing medical errors and adverse events, Improving cancer-related outcomes with connected health: A report to the President of the United States. Michael A. Rosen, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Consequently, psychological research on how team members form cohesive social units, interdependently function, and adapt over time to achieve shared goals and manage complex work contributes to educational, technological, and work redesign interventions to improve care delivery, patient outcomes, and, ultimately, public health (Thomas, 2011). Every team member has the opportunity to learn and teach colleagues because a variety in the daily assignment given. For example, in these contexts, expertise is often highly distributed, formal leadership (e.g., attending physicians), and team membership changes often, leadership styles may differ among formal leaders, and communication across specialties or interdependent units is often informal, unstandardized, and fragmented. These harms include hospital-acquired infections (Klevens et al., 2007), patient falls (Miake-Lye, Hempel, Ganz, & Shekelle, 2013), diagnostic errors (Newman-Toker & Pronovost, 2009), and surgical errors (Howell, Panesar, Burns, Donaldson, & Darzi, 2014), among others (Pham et al., 2012). ), Health professions education: A bridge to quality. Applying organizational science to health care: A framework for collaborative practice. Dow AW, DiazGranados D, Mazmanian PE, & Retchin SM (2013). Poor communication of medication name, dose, route of delivery, and timing of administration between physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and patients can lead to medication errors (Keers, Williams, Cooke, & Ashcroft, 2013). Kannampallil T, Li Z, Zhang M, Cohen T, Robinson DJ, Franklin A, Patel VL (2011). Dall T, West T, Chakrabarti R, & Iacobucci W (2015). However, teamwork serves an additional role in health care. Each of these opportunities is elaborated on in the following two sections.
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